Moving to Spain from the USA

Non-Lucrative Residence Visa

This visa category permits stays in Spain that extend beyond 90 days, albeit without authorization for engaging in professional or economic activities. To qualify for this visa, one must demonstrate the availability of ample financial resources to cover the stay in Spain, supported by evidence of financial solvency, such as certified bank statements from the respective bank. While this visa doesn’t grant permission for employment in Spain, it allows remote work for a foreign company from Spanish territory. However, for those specifically interested in telecommuting, there might be a more appealing alternative.

The Spanish embassy in the US jurisdiction where the applicant resides will be responsible for issuing this visa. The visa is valid for 90 days, during which time the beneficiary must enter Spain. Once on Spanish soil, there is a one-month window to apply for the Foreigner Identity Card at the relevant immigration office or police station.

The initial residence authorization is granted for a period of one year from the date of entry into Spain, with the possibility of renewal for an additional two years, contingent upon continued fulfillment of the necessary requirements.

The Non-Lucrative Residence Visa has undergone important changes under Royal Decree 1155/2024, which came into force on 20 May 2025, with the aim of bringing immigration rules into line with Spain’s tax residency criteria.

From 2026, individuals renewing this type of residence permit must physically reside in Spain for at least 183 days per calendar year. As a result, holding a non-lucrative residence permit will normally lead to Spanish tax residency, requiring the individual to declare and be taxed in Spain on their worldwide income, subject to the relevant double taxation agreement

Digital Nomad Visa

This recently implemented visa is designed for highly skilled professionals who will conduct remote work for companies based outside of Spain, utilizing computer, telematic, or telecommunication means exclusively. An additional requirement for this visa is that the US citizen must demonstrate a work contract with a foreign company that is at least 3 months old, and the company must permit remote work.

This visa is part of Spain’s effort to attract talent and enhance the appeal of taxation and bureaucracy for remote workers of this nature. It is valid for a maximum of 1 year and also serves as proof of residence in Spain, eliminating the need to obtain a Foreigner Identity Card. However, obtaining one is optional if desired.

Regarding the necessary documentation for the family reunification visa application, the requirements may vary depending on the type of family member one seeks to bring to Spain. For example, the documentation needed to reunite with a child may differ from what is required to reunite with a parent.

Job Search Visa

This visa is intended for US citizens who hold student visas and wish to stay in Spain after completing their studies to seek employment. The visa has a maximum duration of 24 months and cannot be renewed. To obtain it, the applicant must demonstrate having the necessary financial resources to support themselves and must have private health insurance.

It’s important to note that this visa does not permit employment, as it is considered “non-lucrative.” If a US citizen finds a job related to their studies or decides to start a business in Spain, they must initiate the process to obtain a work permit.

Interesting read: Mistakes to avoid when moving to Spain

4. What Healthcare Options Do Americans Have When Living in Spain?

Spain has one of the most highly rated healthcare systems in Europe, and American citizens residing in the country have several pathways to access medical services, depending on their legal status and visa type. Below are the main options available:

1. Private Health Insurance (Required for Most Visas)

For most initial residence visas—such as the Non-Lucrative Visa—applicants are required to submit private health insurance with full coverage throughout Spain. The policy must have no deductibles, co-pays, or waiting periods, and must be issued by an insurance provider authorized to operate in Spain.

These private policies are generally significantly more affordable than U.S. health insurance, with monthly premiums ranging between €150 and €250, depending on the applicant’s age and level of coverage.

For remote workers with a Digital Nomad Visa:
EU citizens may use the A1 form, which transfers their social security coverage from their country of origin to Spain. However, for U.S. citizens, the equivalent document under the bilateral Social Security Agreement is known as the Certificate of Coverage, issued via Form USA/E1.

As of now, the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) is systematically denying issuance of the Certificate of Coverage for digital nomads (W-2 remote employees). The SSA argues that the existing 1986 bilateral agreement only covers temporary postings initiated by the employer, not voluntary remote work arrangements abroad. Without this certificate, Spain’s Large Business Unit (Unidad de Grandes Empresas – UGE) will not exempt the applicant from enrolling and contributing to the Spanish Social Security system.

A new bilateral agreement was signed in April 2024 to address this gap, but it has not yet entered into force and is currently pending parliamentary ratification. The updated agreement aims to expand coverage and explicitly address digital nomads. It proposes extending the exemption period for foreign social security contributions from 2 years to 5 years, allowing employees of U.S. companies to maintain their American coverage while residing in Spain.

2. Access to Spain’s Public Healthcare System (After Gaining Residency)

Once American citizens obtain legal residency in Spain and register with the Spanish Social Security system—either as employees or self-employed workers—they gain full access to the public healthcare system, without the need for private insurance.

Spain’s public healthcare system is known for its high-quality medical care, reasonable wait times, and comprehensive coverage, including general consultations, specialist care, hospitalization, emergency services, and subsidized medications.

3. Convenio Especial (Special Agreement Program)

For residents who are not contributing to Social Security through employment or self-employment, Spain offers the Convenio Especial, a voluntary program that provides access to the public healthcare system in exchange for a fixed monthly fee.

Rates as of 2025:

€60/month for individuals under 65

€157/month for individuals aged 65 and older

This program is available regardless of age or pre-existing conditions, making it particularly useful for retirees, students, or individuals in transition.

4. Emergency Medical Care

Spain guarantees access to emergency medical care to all individuals, regardless of their residency status or insurance coverage. However, non-residents or those without valid coverage may receive a bill for the services rendered.

In summary:  Americans moving to Spain can rely on multiple options to secure healthcare coverage—through private insurance, registration with Social Security, the Convenio Especial, and potentially in the near future, via Form USA/E1 for digital nomads once the new agreement is ratified. Compared to the U.S., Spain’s healthcare system is far more accessible, cost-effective, and efficient, offering peace of mind for those planning to live abroad.

5. Register your new Spanish address

Upon your arrival in Spain and after securing a property through purchase or rental, it is imperative, as a resident, to promptly visit the Town Hall office in your locality to register your new address. This registration, commonly referred to as the “padrón,” grants you access to certain rights in Spain, even before attaining full Spanish citizenship.

6. Utilities in Spain

Following the acquisition or rental of a home, the next step is to organize essential utilities, including electricity, water, gas, internet, and phone services. In cases where the property lacks these services, activation is necessary, or alternatively, you can update the account holder’s information.

Commonly, basic utilities such as electricity and water are billed bimonthly, and it is recommended to establish direct debits for these payments with your bank. Conversely, other services like gas, phone, and internet typically incur monthly billing.

7. Bank account

If you are contemplating establishing yourself in Spain, it’s vital to kickstart the process of opening a local bank account. This account will play a pivotal role in various procedures, including property acquisitions, payment for health insurance, gym memberships, and more.

Having your Foreigner Identification Number (NIE) is essential to commence this process. While the required documentation may vary among banks, you will generally need to provide your NIE, passport, proof of income, and a declaration regarding your residency status in Spain. Depending on whether you are a resident or not, the complexity of the account opening process may vary.

Recognizing that opening a bank account in Spain can be a bureaucratic and occasionally cumbersome procedure, we at Tejada Solicitors are here to assist you, making this process more straightforward and manageable for your convenience.

How much is the cost of living in Spain?

The pleasant climate of Spain is not the only allure that entices Americans to move here. Another noteworthy factor is the cost of living, which tends to be more economical than in the United States. Housing prices, the cost of groceries, and medical services are notably lower compared to the United States. However, it is essential to research these costs in advance, as they can vary depending on the Spanish city you choose to relocate to.

At Tejada Solicitors, we caution our clients never to forget to study the tax cost of residing in Spain as an expatriate. It’s crucial to remember that as a tax resident, you will be taxed in Spain on your worldwide income. While the cost of living may indeed be more economical, when it comes to the tax cost, surprises can arise. To avoid unpleasant surprises, Rosana Tejada, an expert in International Taxation, advises thorough tax planning before making the definitive move to Spain.

Can Americans move to Spain without a job?

It is possible to move to Spain without having a job, but under this circumstance, you will need a special type of visa. The primary condition to obtain it is to demonstrate that you have income from outside of Spain that allows you to sustain your resident status. This is the case with the non-lucrative visa, which is commonly chosen by retirees looking to establish themselves in Spain.

How hard is it for Americans to move to Spain?

Moving from the US to Spain can pose a challenge, especially considering it involves a relocation outside the European Union. However, with proper planning and the support of experts like the team at Tejada Solicitors, this process can become much less daunting.

One obstacle you may face is the intricate Spanish bureaucracy, which can sometimes prolong procedures. Additionally, language can be a barrier since, outside the tourism sector, fluent English speakers are rare. In many public offices, bilingual staff is almost nonexistent.

Need a professional consultation for preparing for your move to Spain from the USA?

Navigating tax, immigration, and real estate matters in Spain can be complex for foreign individuals lacking proper guidance. At Tejada Solicitors, we adopt a comprehensive approach to your case. Our team, comprising an immigration specialist, tax lawyer, and property conveyancing expert, collaboratively studies and analyzes your situation. We are dedicated to simplifying this process, alleviating stress, and ensuring the success of your move to Spain. Place your trust in the confidence and support of our team of specialized lawyers with extensive experience in these procedures.